Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the most common in the nasopharyngeal at the top, followed by the lateral wall and pharyngeal recess, and sometimes multiple.
Naked eye view
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) nodular type, cauliflower, infiltration and ulcer types of four kinds of forms, including the nodular type most common, followed by the cauliflower. Early local mucosal rough, mild uplift. Infiltration type nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be intact, the cancer tissue infiltration in the mucosa growth, so that in the primary cancer has not been found before, has occurred cervical lymph node metastasis.
Histological type
The vast majority of nasopharyngeal carcinoma originated from the epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which is a kind of primitive pluripotent cells, which can be differentiated into columnar epithelium and squamous epithelium.
The histological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are as follows:
1 squamous cell carcinoma with highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma nests were stratified by cells, showing a large number of. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is often not the phenomenon of cancer, the formation of cancer cells, irregular shape of the cancer nest, cancer cell stratification is not obvious. The cancer cells were polygonal or oval, abundant cytoplasm, clear boundary, a few cancer cells are visible intercellular bridges. Low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
2 adenocarcinoma is mostly from the columnar epithelium of the mucosa. Highly differentiated adenocarcinoma is rare, and the cancer cells are arranged in an alveolar or adenoid structure. Strip or piece of low differentiated adenocarcinoma cancer cells arranged in irregular, sometimes tend to adenoid structure or form glandular cavity.
3 undifferentiated carcinoma mainly has two subtypes. One type of cell is called the cell carcinoma of the cell or the large round cell. Cancer nest size, irregular shape, and the quality of the border is not very obvious. Cancer cell volume larger, abundant cytoplasm, cell boundary is not clear, nuclear is large and vacuolated, round or oval nuclei clear membrane, 1 ~ 2 large nucleolus is visible. Common lymphocytic infiltration of cancer cells. The other type is characterized by small cell, small cell, round or short spindle. Diffuse distribution of cancer cells, no obvious cancer nest formation. Higher degree of malignancy.
Diffusion pathway
1 the direct spread of the tumor can be extended to invade and destroy the skull base, and the destruction of the foramen is the most common. Late can damage the sella, violation of II - VI cranial nerve rupture through hole, and corresponding symptoms. Tumor down involvement of oropharynx, palatine tonsils and the base of the tongue forward can be invaded the nasal cavity and orbital and backwards cervical vertebral involvement, the outward side can be violated the eustachian tube to the middle ear.
2 lymph node metastasis of the nasopharyngeal mucosa has a rich layer of lymphatic vessels, so the early cancer can occur lymphatic metastasis, more than half of patients with cervical lymph node enlargement. First transferred to the retropharyngeal lymph node, and then to the deep cervical and other cervical lymph node metastasis, rarely to the superficial cervical lymph node. The lymph node metastasis in the neck was usually the same side, and the second was bilateral.
3 blood channel metastasis is often transferred to the liver, lung, bone, followed by the kidney, adrenal gland and pancreas, etc..
According to the division of reunification of China and histopathological types in nasopharyngeal carcinoma divided into undifferentiated carcinoma and low differentiation cancer (including large round cell carcinoma pleomorphic carcinoma spindle cell carcinoma and mixed cell carcinoma) and high differentiation carcinoma (including squamous cell carcinoma class I-II adenocarcinoma). The World Health Organization is divided into squamous cell carcinoma, non - squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Welcome to consult the teshin Health Hotline: 010-51571020